What is a fiber optic transceiver, types and applications of fiber optic transceivers

The appearance of fiber optic transceivers perfectly maintains the seamless splicing and connection of fiber optic cables and copper cables. It is common in computer networks that cannot be covered by the Ethernet copper network and must use optical fibers to increase the transmission distance. The metropolitan area network and the more superficial Internet have fully played a key role. This example tutorial will explain the fiber optic transceiver and its application in detail.

Analysis of the application of various types of optical fiber transceivers in the weak current industry

1. What is a fiber optic transceiver?

Optical fiber transceivers are usually divided into two types. This is an Ethernet interface transmission media conversion module that exchanges the twisted-pair electronic signal of the short-circuit line and the long-distance optical signal, which is generally called a photoelectric converter; the other is a After the optical signal is converted into an electronic signal, it is converted into another optical signal, which is also called an optical fiber conversion repeater. Products are usually used in specific network spaces that cannot be covered by Ethernet interface cables and must use optical fibers to increase the transmission distance, and are generally located in the connection layer of the bandwidth metropolitan area network; The metropolitan area network and the more superficial Internet have also played a great role.

Now there are more and more fiber optic transceivers on the market. If the compatibility modes of different well-known brands of transceivers are not checked beforehand, it will also cause network packet loss, too long transmission time, fast time and slow time.

2. How does the fiber optic transceiver access the network?

Because the network cable (twisted pair) commonly used by people has a large transmission distance, the maximum transmission distance of the twisted pair is usually 100 meters. Therefore, when you deploy a large Internet, you have to use relay equipment as a last resort. Perhaps, other types of routes can also be used for transmission, such as optical fiber, which is a very good choice. The transmission distance of optical fiber is too far. Usually, the transmission distance of single-mode fiber is about 10 kilometers, while the transmission distance of multi-mode fiber can exceed 2 kilometers at most. When the application of optical fiber, people will often apply to fiber optic transceivers. At this time, the problem comes, how to use the fiber optic transceiver? How is this connected to the network?

As we all know, an Internet is composed of a variety of electronic and optical components, and optical fiber transceivers are one of the key components. When the optical fiber transceiver is connected to the network, the optical cable is first introduced from the outdoors. The optical cable should be melted in the optical cable box, that is to say, the terminal box. The welding of the optical cable is a question of a university. The optical cable must be stripped off, the thin chemical fiber in the optical cable and the pigtail fiber are welded, and then put into a small box after welding. The pigtail should be dragged out, connected to the ODF (this kind of iron frame, connected with a coupler), and then connected with the leaky line with the coupler, and finally the leaky line will be connected to the top of the fiber optic transceiver. The next sequence of connection is wireless router---network switch---local area network---server. In that way, the fiber optic transceiver is connected to the network.

The subject active connection of optical fibers is maintained according to the fiber optic connectors. A theme activity node in the external chain is an established split page. In the selection of the subject activity connection and the fixed connection, the advantages of the fixed connection are reflected in the lower cost, less light loss, but weaker coordination ability, and the subject activity connection is the other way around. When designing the network, it is necessary to flexibly select the application of theme activities and fixed connections according to the status of the external chain to ensure coordination and reliability, and then make full use of the advantages of each. The theme activity link page is the key detection, maintenance, and change page. The theme activity link is relatively easier to find common fault points in the external chain than the fixed link, which improves the convenience for the replacement of common faulty components, and then Improve system software equipment maintenance management and reduce maintenance costs.

3. Types and applications of fiber optic transceivers

There are many types of fiber optic transceivers on the market today, but to sum up, there are only two types of fiber optic transceivers used in the connection of copper cables and optical cable networks and optical fiber transceivers used in the connection between optical cables and optical cables to the Internet. These two types of fiber optic transceivers can be divided into different sub-items, and each category is often described in detail below.

Fiber optic transceivers for copper and fiber optic network connections

When the distance between the two computer equipment exceeds the transmission distance of the copper cable, the optical fiber cable must be connected at this moment, and the optical fiber transceiver is responsible for the conversion between the two materials. Such fiber optic transceivers can be subdivided into the following types:

1. Ethernet interface fiber optic transceiver

These types of fiber optic transceivers can be connected to machines and equipment with Ethernet interfaces, Fast Ethernet interfaces and 10G Ethernet interfaces, and maintain seamless splicing and connection between machines and equipment with different speeds and different port numbers. It is applied to the transformation of point-to-point transmission, the transformation of transmission within the campus, etc. For example, when carrying out the transformation of point-to-point transmission, 2 fiber optic transceivers can be used to connect 2 UTP (Unshielded Twisted Paired, unshielded twisted pair) Ethernet switches, or immediately connect UTP network switches to mobile smart terminals superior.

2.TDM (Time Division Multiplexing, time period multi-channel conversion) fiber optic transceiver

This fiber optic transceiver mainly has two types of specifications, T1/E1 and T3/E3. Both of these two fiber optic transceivers must be used in pairs. When increasing the transmission distance between cables, they can fully exert their necessary effects on preventing noise, improving service levels and network information security. The T1/E1 fiber optic transceiver conforms to the T1 (1.544Mbps) and E1 (2.048Mbps) specifications. For the installation and maintenance of the T1 and E1 connection lines, this fiber optic transceiver can also give full play to the function of detection and fault detection. T3/E3 fiber optic transceivers conform to T3 (44.736Mbps) and E3 (34.368Mbps) specifications, and can be used to connect PBX (private branch exchange, dedicated sorting network switch), multi-channel adapters and wireless routers and other equipment. This optical fiber transceiver can be used for data signal transmission in the middle of engineering buildings, and can expand the telecommunication network division point.

3. Serial to fiber converter

This fiber optic transceiver is an intelligent fiber optic MODEM suitable for asynchronous RS-232, RS-485 communication interfaces, and is used to connect the remote control terminal equipment module (RTU) to the server (HOST) or distributed system data management system (SCADA) control board the best choice. It is suitable for various asynchronous communication protocols of RS-232 and RS-485. It can mix and apply 2 RS-232 and RS-485 sockets at the same time. It is suitable for 2-wire (half-duplex) RS-485 working method. The RS-485 fiber optic transceiver is suitable for statistical data (TXD or SD) push operation, which improves the work ability to integrate into various mobile phone software, and simplifies the operation method. The fiber optic MODEM is suitable for a variety of optical fiber interfaces among the asynchronous serial ports. It is suitable for machines and equipment with two asynchronous serial ports to carry out full-duplex or half-duplex communication according to optical fibers. The maximum transmission speed is 115.2Kbps, and the maximum data signal transmission speed of RS-485 is 460Kbps. The sockets of different electrical equipment specifications can be mixed and applied, and RS-232 equipment can be used to connect RS-485 equipment, which can replace RS -232 to RS-485 interface converter or optical signal isolator, and provides high-quality EMI/RFT (interference signal/system test) characteristics.

Fiber optic transceivers used to connect the Internet between fiber optic cables

This fiber optic transceiver can be used for multi-mode and multi-mode fibers, simplex and multiplex fibers, and converts optical data signals. In practice, it is divided into multiple groups of module-to-multimode fiber transceivers, duplex-to-simplex fiber-optic transceivers, and SFP stock band conversion transceivers.

1. Multi-group module to multi-mode fiber optic transceiver

In the data signal transmission of the company Internet, sometimes the transmitting end will use multiple sets of modular machinery and equipment, while the other party receiving the data signal will use multi-mode machinery and equipment. Group-to-multimode fiber transceivers can be used to convert multimode fiber to single mode fiber. In addition, the application of multi-group module-to-multimode fiber optic transceivers can also be integrated into the need for long-distance transmission as soon as possible, and the maximum transmission distance can reach 140km, which can simultaneously consider the requirements of low cost and high connectivity. In the figure below, 2 Ethernet switches with multiple groups of module port numbers are each connected to 2 fiber optic transceivers to convert the multiple groups of modules into multi-mode to maintain long-distance transmission.

2. Duplex to simplex fiber optic transceiver

Sometimes, the transmission of the company's Internet also has to convert duplex fiber to simplex fiber, and the key is to receive and send the number of fibers in the machine equipment. To put it bluntly, the statistical data of received pushes of single-fiber fibers are transmitted on one fiber, and the statistics of received pushes of dual-fiber fibers are transmitted on two fibers. Single-fiber equipment can save more than half of the optical fiber, that is, the reception and push of statistical data can be maintained on one optical fiber, which is very useful in areas where optical fiber resources are anxious. This product adopts the technology of wavelength division multiplexing, and the applied light wavelengths are mostly 1310nm and 1550nm. One of the two port numbers of the optical fiber transceiver in the figure below is single-fiber, and the other is dual-fiber, maintaining the conversion from dual-fiber to single-fiber.

3. Stock Band Conversion Transceivers

The major feature of the WDM Optical Enlargement Repeater (OEO) series is that it can receive, enlarge and re-transmit the data signal according to different optical wavelengths without changing the statistical data/data signal content. Today, the conversion of optical wavelengths is only maintained according to the WDM Optical Enlargement Repeater Series (OEO). WDM Optical Enlargement Repeater (OEO) works like a regenerator, converts the optical input data signal into an electronic signal, and converts it into an input data signal according to a new spark amplitude and waveform. Logically, and use this electronic signal driver signal transmitter to create an optical signal with a new optical wavelength.

The optical fiber transceiver can be applied to a variety of protocols, transmission speeds and transmission media. While maintaining the characteristics of non-blocking transmission and exchange, it also has the functions of balancing the total flow, preventing contradictions and checking errors and leaks, so as to ensure the smooth transmission of data. High safety factor and reliability. What can be predicted and analyzed is that fiber optic transceivers will be active in Internet deployment for a long period of time in the future, and are an indispensable part of specific Internet establishment.

Another must be filled is that many customers feel when using fiber optic transceivers: if the length of the fiber is within the larger spacing that single-mode fiber or multi-mode fiber can accommodate, everything will work fine. I think it is this kind of incorrect understanding. This kind of understanding can only be considered appropriate when the connected machines and equipment are all full-duplex machines and equipment. When there are half-duplex machines and equipment, the transmission distance of the optical fiber is always must be limited.

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